Foundations of Psychology Essay

Psychology is the process of reckoning bingles kind processes such as how and why integrity thinks, feels, and be move overs the way they do. Psychology is the process by which the scientific regularity is used to improve understand and test these processes (Allport, 1985). Psychology was realized as a means to blends these both disagreeing domesticates of pattern into mavin. Psychology quickly divide into different schools of thought as a means to explain the human header and its fashions. In this paper we will converse in more(prenominal) discretion or so a some of them such as structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism (Allport, 1985). Wilhelm Wundt is thought to be virtuoso of psychologies founding fathers. He was a groundbreaker using laboratory research as a way to back up his theories of the sagacity. One of Wundts students Edward Titchener used Wundts theory of introspection as his origination of his new school of thought cal led structuralism. structural anthropology is the study of the contents of the mind (Britannica, 2001). but like his predecessor Titchener believed that the scientific method was the only means to the science of the mind. structural sociology was only one of two schools that rule mental science in its early years. The separate was functionalism. Functionalism was the product of one Harvard graduate named William jam. James believed structuralism was a great start, tho felt the mind still need further explaining and hence functionalism was born. Where structuralism centre its efforts on the mental processes themselves, functionalist conserved their efforts on the role those processes play. Functionalism is the study of how ones psychological processes helps one adapt to their surroundings (Britannica, 2001). Psychoanalysis was founded by Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that the unconscious mind influenced behavior. Freud believed that the human mind was comprised of three elem ents the id, the ego, and the super ego. The id is composed of the cardinal urges, whilethe ego is the component of spirit charged with dealing with reality. The superego is the part of nature that holds all of the ideals and values we internalize from our parents and culture. Freud believed that the fundamental interaction of these three elements was what led to all of the abstruse human behaviors (Sheehy, & Forsythe, 2013).Freuds school of thought has not gone without controversy, however Freuds school of thought has influenced other of psychological sciences greats such as Anna Freud, Carl Jung, and Erik Erikson (Psychology, 2005). behaviourism formed as a chemical reaction to the theories of John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, and B. F. Skinner. Behaviorism took off and became the dominating school of thought during the 1950s. Behaviorists focused their efforts of apparent behavior. Behaviorist believe that all behavior can be explained by ones environment rather than by ones in ternal forces (Lee, 2005). guiltless conditioning was invented by Ivan Pavlov. He believed that unmingled conditioning was the accomplishment process that occurs with with(predicate) associations betwixt ones environmental stimulus and the naturally occurring stimulus. Operant conditioning was the thoughts of B. F. Skinner. Skinner believed that learning can occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Skinner believed that through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a event for that behavior (Lee, 2005).humanism is the product of Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers. Humanism focused on an individuals free will, self-actualization, and personal growth (Lee, 2005). fleck early schools of thought were largely refer on abnormal human behavior, humanistic psychology differed considerably in its emphasis on helping people action and fulfill their potential (Lee, 2005). Humanistic psychology remains quite popular instantly and has had a maj or influence on other areas of psychology including positive psychology. This limited branch of psychology is centered on helping people living happier, more fulfilling lives (Jimerson, 2007). Understanding a person requires circumscribed attention to not only ones biology, their psychological experience, and their social context. Psychology was established as a science in modulate to differentiate from biology and the philosophy of thought. In this paper we discussed in more depth about just a few of them such as structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanism and how they differ from one another. Although they each may tolerate a different outlook, they all have the same goal to better understand onesmind and ones behavior. fibresAllport, G. W (1985). The historical backdrop of social psychology. In Lindzey, G Aronson, E. The Handbook of Social Psychology. New York McGraw Hill. p.5 evolutionary Psychology Theoretical Foundations. Encyclopedia of cognit ive Science. Hoboken Wiley, 2005. Credo Reference. 2 Feb. 2010. Web. 23 Oct. 2013. Retrieved 2014-10-26. Retrieved from http//www.credoreference.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/ adit/wileycs/evolutionary_psychology_theoretical_foundations. Functionalism. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, 2011. Retrieved 2014-10-26. 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